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Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death
Published on: December 21, 2016
Personalized molecular signatures of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Jeppe Kjærgaard1, Ben Stocks2, John Henderson1
1Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract:
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, which is a highly heterogeneous disease with diverse pathology. Understanding the molecular signatures of insulin resistance and its association with individual phenotypic traits is crucial for advancing precision medicine in type 2 diabetes. Utilizing cutting-edge proteomics technology, we mapped the proteome and phosphoproteome of skeletal muscle from >120 men and women with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of insulin sensitivity. Leveraging deep in vivo phenotyping, we reveal that fasting proteome and phosphoproteome signatures strongly predict insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the insulin-stimulated phosphoproteome revealed both dysregulated and preserved signaling nodes-even in individuals with severe insulin resistance. While substantial sex-specific differences in the proteome and phosphoproteome were identified, molecular signatures of insulin resistance remained largely similar between men and women. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating disease heterogeneity into type 2 diabetes care strategies.
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