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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
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Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
Upstream Processing01:27

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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Downstream Processing01:29

Downstream Processing

Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2026

3D Microtissues for Injectable Regenerative Therapy and High-throughput Drug Screening
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Microgels: from synthesis to tissue regeneration applications.

Sung Yun Hann1,2,3, Yunsung Kang1,3, Haitao Cui4,5

  • 1Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.

Biofabrication
|May 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Microgels are versatile hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Advanced fabrication and 3D bioprinting enhance their use in creating functional tissue constructs and therapies.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingassemblycell encapsulationinjectable hydrogelstissue regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Microgels offer unique properties for mimicking extracellular matrix.
  • They are biocompatible, controllable, and injectable hydrogel platforms.
  • Their modularity suits diverse tissue engineering needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microgel fabrication methods.
  • To highlight microgels' roles in cell encapsulation, therapy delivery, and tissue development.
  • To discuss advanced strategies and future potential.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of microgel fabrication techniques.
  • Exploration of advanced strategies like injectable hydrogels and assembled microgel platforms.
  • Analysis of 3D bioprinting applications for scaffold generation.

Main Results:

  • Advanced strategies enable customizable and functional tissue constructs.
  • 3D bioprinting facilitates patient-specific scaffolds with high cellular viability.
  • Stimuli-responsive and 4D microgels offer dynamic, tunable microenvironments.

Conclusions:

  • Microgels are crucial for developing multifunctional tissue products.
  • Efficient mass production and customization are key for clinical translation.
  • Innovations will accelerate the integration of microgel-based therapies.