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Toward a Differentiated Model of Athlete Performance Development (DMAPD): Preliminary version and testing based on a
Andreas Hohmann1, Jürg Schmid2, Bryan Charbonnet2
1BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Psychology of Sport and Exercise
|May 28, 2025
Summary
Early sports versatility benefits invasion and net games by promoting earlier competition starts and better performance. Endurance sports, however, rely on extensive sports sampling for later success, not early versatility.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Talent Development
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Debate exists on optimal timing for athletic competition start and specialization vs. sampling.
- Existing literature lacks models synthesizing knowledge on athlete development pathways.
- Need for evidence-based, differentiated approaches in youth sports talent identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce and test a preliminary Differentiated Model of Athlete Performance Development (DMAPD).
- Examine hypotheses linking early versatility, sport type, competition start age, and performance.
- Investigate sport-specific pathways in talent development.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal analysis of 943 German male youth athletes across six sports.
- Sports categorized into invasion games, net games, and endurance sports.
- Structural equation modeling (moderated mediation analysis) used to test the DMAPD.
Main Results:
- In invasion and net games, early versatility predicted earlier competition start and higher performance.
- Sports sampling showed no significant link to later performance in invasion/net games.
- In endurance sports, early versatility did not predict competition start or performance; sampling was the sole predictor.
Conclusions:
- Findings support a differentiated model of athlete development, emphasizing sport-specific pathways.
- Early versatility is beneficial for invasion/net games, while sports sampling is key for endurance.
- Results advocate for tailored talent development strategies based on sport type.
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