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Antibiotic stress affects the secretion and physicochemical features of extracellular vesicles produced by

Paweł Krzyżek1, Agnieszka Opalińska2, Paweł Migdał3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
|May 29, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic stress impacts Helicobacter pylori extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion and properties. Certain antibiotics alter EV fatty acid profiles, suggesting EVs help maintain bacterial membrane composition.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Physiology
  • Extracellular Vesicles

Background:

  • Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) can impact antimicrobial effectiveness.
  • The effect of antibiotics on Helicobacter pylori EVs is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations on H. pylori EV secretion and characteristics.
  • To determine if antibiotics modulate the fatty acid composition of H. pylori EVs.

Main Methods:

  • H. pylori strains were cultured in EV-depleted media.
  • EVs were analyzed for physicochemical properties (nanoparticle tracking, dynamic light scattering).
  • Fatty acid profiles of bacteria and EVs were determined using GC-MS/MS; microscopy visualized bacteria and EVs.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic stress differentially affected H. pylori EV secretion intensity and physicochemical features.
  • Metronidazole and levofloxacin increased EV secretion and altered their fatty acid profiles.
  • Clarithromycin did not induce significant changes; selective packaging of C17:0 fatty acids into EVs was observed.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates the modulatory effect of antibiotic stress on H. pylori EV secretion and features.
  • Results suggest H. pylori EVs play a role in maintaining bacterial membrane fatty acid composition.

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