Machine learning in biosignal analysis from wearable devices

The advancement of wearable bioelectronics has significantly improved real-time biosignal monitoring, enabling continuous health tracking and providing personalized medical insights. However, the sheer volume and complexity of biosignal data collected over extended periods, along with noise, missing values, and environmental artifacts, present significant challenges for accurate analysis. Machine learning (ML) plays a crucial role in biosignal analysis by improving processing capabilities, enhancing monitoring accuracy, and uncovering hidden patterns and relationships within datasets. Effective ML-driven biosignal analysis requires careful model selection, considering data preprocessing needs, feature extraction strategies, computational efficiency, and accuracy trade-offs. This review explores key ML algorithms for biosignal processing, providing guidelines on selecting appropriate models based on data characteristics, processing goals, computational efficiency, and accuracy requirements. We discuss data preprocessing techniques, ML models (clustering, regression, classification), and evaluation methods for assessing the accuracy and reliability of ML-driven analyses. Furthermore, we introduce ML applications in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, and prediction across neurological, cardiovascular, biochemical, and other biosignals. Finally, we discuss the integration of ML with wearable bioelectronics and its revolutionary impact on future healthcare systems.