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Analysis of 2PACz Functionalization of Different ITO Layers Using an e-Beam-Based Technique for Work Function

Perrine Carroy¹, Pía Vásquez¹, Rolando Esparza²

¹Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, Campus Ines, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac, France.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 29, 2025

Summary

Phosphonic acid-carbazole (PACz) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) improve perovskite solar cell performance by enhancing indium tin oxide (ITO) work function. Different ITO properties significantly impact PACz SAM functionalization and device efficiency.

Keywords:

Perovskite solar cells indium tin oxide recombination junction self-assembled monolayer work function

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Phosphonic acid-carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (PACz SAMs) are crucial hole-selective layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
PACz SAMs enhance indium tin oxide (ITO) work function for efficient hole extraction.
The influence of ITO properties on PACz SAM functionalization effectiveness is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the impact of different ITO layer properties on 2PACz SAM functionalization.
Correlate ITO functionalization with PSC device performance.
Clarify ITO characteristics essential for optimal SAM performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized an electron-beam-based technique to measure work function shifts after 2PACz SAM deposition.
Compared functionalization on a polycrystalline ITO layer versus an amorphous ITO layer.
Evaluated the performance of PSCs fabricated with these different ITO layers.

Main Results:

Observed significantly different work function shifts between the two ITO types after 2PACz functionalization.
Demonstrated a correlation between the work function shift and PSC device performance.
Identified distinct surface chemistry and properties influencing SAM functionalization.

Conclusions:

ITO layer properties critically affect PACz SAM functionalization and subsequent PSC performance.
Optimizing TCO-based recombination junctions requires careful consideration of carrier selection.
This study provides insights into tailoring ITO for enhanced perovskite solar cell efficiency.