Melatonin Supplementation in Alzheimer's disease: The Potential Role in Neurogenesis

Melatonin supplementation shows potential therapeutic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by targeting impaired neurogenesis. Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons after development, involves proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of neurons. Impaired neurogenesis is associated with AD, specifically in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ), leading to hippocampal degeneration and memory impairment. Melatonin positively effects AD by regulating amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation, reducing tau hyperphosphorylation, and enhancing adult neurogenesis through various signaling pathways. In addition, it has anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential as a treatment option for AD progression. Furthermore, melatonin and sleep are closely linked, and an increase in sleep duration positively affects Aβ deposition. This review aims to examine the impact of AD pathologies on neurogenesis and explore the mechanisms by which melatonin may alleviate these pathologies, potentially promoting neurogenesis.