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In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Fertilization

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Does flying after embryo transfer impact implantation?

João Antonio Dias¹, Carlos Roberto Izzo¹, Georges Fassolas¹

¹Clínica Originare Medicina Reprodutiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

JBRA Assisted Reproduction

|May 29, 2025

Summary

Air travel after embryo transfer (ET) does not impact in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates. This study found no significant differences in pregnancy, implantation, or miscarriage rates for patients who flew versus those who did not.

Keywords:

IVF outcomes air travel embryo transfer implantation medical tourism

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
In Vitro Fertilization
Clinical Outcomes

Background:

Medical tourism for fertility treatments involves significant patient travel.
Concerns exist regarding the impact of post-embryo transfer (ET) air travel on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
Understanding travel's effect is crucial for guiding patients undergoing fertility treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between post-embryo transfer (ET) air travel and in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates.
To address patient and clinician concerns about the safety of air travel following IVF procedures.
To provide evidence-based guidance for patients considering travel after ET.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 2,135 embryo transfers (ET) at a fertility clinic in São Paulo, Brazil (January 2019 - March 2022).
Patients were categorized into two groups: those who traveled by airplane post-ET and those who did not.
Poisson regression models were used to compare IVF outcomes (pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage rates), adjusting for age and treatment reasons.

Main Results:

Approximately 17.94% of patients traveled by air post-ET.
No statistically significant differences were observed in pregnancy rates (61.99% vs. 62.14%, p=0.94) between groups.
Implantation (34.58% vs. 38.65%, p=0.28) and miscarriage rates (28.51% vs. 32.50%, p=0.32) also showed no significant variations.
Sub-analysis of single embryo transfers and top embryos yielded similar non-significant findings.

Conclusions:

Post-embryo transfer (ET) air travel does not appear to negatively affect in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
The findings suggest that patients can travel by air after ET without compromising treatment success.
Further prospective research is recommended to validate these results and provide stronger clinical recommendations.