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Chronic kidney disease in isolated core antibody positive hepatitis B patients: Risk analysis from NHANES 2017-2020

Ke Mi1, Tingdan Ye1, Calvin Q Pan2

  • 1Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
|May 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Isolated hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positivity did not show a positive association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in US adults. However, older age and elevated serum urea nitrogen were linked to higher CKD risk in this group.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The link between isolated hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positivity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debated.
  • Some studies suggest a connection between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and increased CKD risk, while others present inconclusive findings.
  • This research investigates the association between isolated HBcAb positivity and CKD within the U.S. population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between isolated HBcAb positivity and the prevalence of CKD in U.S. adults.
  • To identify risk factors for CKD among individuals with isolated HBcAb positivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from adult participants in the NHANES 2017-2020 cycle.
  • Categorization of participants into isolated HBcAb positive and non-infected groups.
  • Use of logistic regression models to assess the association between isolated HBcAb positivity and CKD, with multivariate analysis to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • CKD prevalence was higher in the isolated HBcAb positive group (7.9%) compared to the non-infected group (5.2%).
  • Unadjusted analysis indicated an increased CKD risk with isolated HBcAb positivity (OR=1.25), but adjusted analyses revealed an inverse association (OR=0.76).
  • Among isolated HBcAb positive individuals, older age and elevated serum urea nitrogen (BUN) were associated with higher CKD risk, while higher education was associated with reduced risk.

Conclusions:

  • Despite higher CKD prevalence in the isolated HBcAb positive group, no positive association with CKD risk was found after adjustment.
  • Older age and elevated BUN levels are significant risk factors for CKD in this population.
  • Findings emphasize the need for individualized monitoring and management strategies for HBV-infected patients, particularly concerning antiviral therapy and post-cure follow-up.
Abstract

Keywords:
AssociationCKDHBVNHANESRisk factors

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