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Obsessive-compulsive symptoms predict increased fronto-parahippocampal synchronisation during thought suppression.

Rhiannon Jones1, Joost M Leunissen2, Adrian Whyte2

  • 1University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester, SO22 4 NR, UK. Rhiannon.Jones@Winchester.ac.uk.

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Summary

Individuals with higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) show stronger brain connectivity when suppressing negative thoughts. This compensatory brain activity is linked to how intensely negative stimuli are processed.

Keywords:
Attentional biasCognitive inhibitionDirected forgettingFronto-parahippocampal synchronizationLORETALate positive potentialObsessive–compulsive disorderThought-suppression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Thought suppression is linked to increased intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Neural mechanisms of how obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) affect thought suppression, especially with negative stimuli, are not fully understood.
  • Investigating the role of preferential processing of negative stimuli in this context is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of thought suppression in relation to OCS.
  • To examine if OCS predicts altered brain connectivity during the suppression of negative words.
  • To explore if preferential processing of negative stimuli mediates this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity in 47 participants performing a directed forgetting task with negative and neutral words.
  • Fronto-parahippocampal beta-1 synchronization was analyzed in relation to OCS during the task.
  • A mediated moderation model was employed to assess the mediating role of stimulus processing bias (late positive potential).

Main Results:

  • Higher OCS predicted increased fronto-parahippocampal beta-1 synchronization when participants were instructed to forget negative words.
  • The effect of stimulus valence on synchronization was mediated by preferential processing of negative stimuli, evidenced by an increased late positive potential.
  • This suggests a compensatory neural mechanism in individuals with higher OCS.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with higher OCS demonstrate compensatory connectivity between frontal and parahippocampal regions when suppressing negative emotional stimuli.
  • This compensatory activity is influenced by preferential processing of negative stimuli and OCS severity.
  • Findings provide preliminary evidence for a neural mechanism underlying persistent intrusive thoughts in OCD.