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Artificial intelligence and public health: prospects, hype and challenges
1School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Sydney Health Partners, NSW, Australia.
Public Health Research & Practice
|May 30, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant potential for public health, including health education and disease surveillance. However, careful consideration of ethical implications and regulation is crucial to ensure equitable benefits and avoid exacerbating health inequalities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly promoted for healthcare, with emerging applications in public health.
- Distinguishing the potential benefits of AI from hype requires careful analysis of current research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of issues and research examples regarding AI applications in public health.
- To separate the realistic potential of AI in public health from exaggerated claims.
Main Methods:
- A selective review and analysis of a cross-section of relevant literature were conducted.
Main Results:
- AI shows great potential in public health for health education, communication (chatbots, virtual assistants), disease surveillance, early warning systems, synthetic data generation, and risk prediction.
- Current research is largely in early stages, highlighting challenges in information quality, public access and trust, and practical application.
- There are risks that AI could worsen health inequities and that personalized advice may overshadow social determinants of health.
Conclusions:
- Realizing AI's potential in public health necessitates further research, ethical considerations, and thoughtful regulation.
- Ensuring AI benefits all individuals and communities globally requires addressing ethical implications and preventing the exacerbation of health inequalities.
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