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Visual Search, Pupillary Response, and Scoring Differences Between Expert and Novice Judges in Artistic Swimming: An
Katia R Ponciano1, Maysa P G Leopoldo1, Dalton Lustosa Oliveira1
1School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Expert artistic swimming judges focus on key body areas, showing distinct visual search patterns and higher scores. Their advanced cognitive processes lead to more accurate performance evaluations.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Cognitive Psychology
- Perception
Background:
- Artistic swimming (AS) scoring relies on judge perception and cognition.
- Expertise influences visual search and pupillary responses during performance evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare visual search behavior, pupil diameter variability, and scoring between expert and novice AS judges.
- To investigate how expertise affects attention allocation and cognitive load in AS judging.
Main Methods:
- Eye-tracking technology was used to monitor judges' visual search patterns.
- Pupil diameter variability was measured during the evaluation of specific AS figures (Straight Ballet Leg and Rio).
- Expert and novice judges' scores were compared.
Main Results:
- Expert judges exhibited shorter fixations away from the athlete, focusing more on upper limbs and less on lower limbs or irrelevant areas.
- Expert judges displayed greater pupil diameter variability, indicating higher cognitive load.
- Expert judges assigned higher scores compared to novice judges.
Conclusions:
- Expert AS judges demonstrate specialized visual attention patterns, focusing on relevant performance cues.
- Distinct visual search strategies and greater cognitive load are associated with superior scoring performance in expert judges.
- These findings suggest highly automated cognitive processes in expert AS judges.
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