MD-2-related lipid-recognition protein-like is involved in mosquito reproduction by affecting lipid metabolism

Mosquito vector control requires novel approaches. Blood-feeding female mosquitoes not only sustain their reproduction, but also facilitate pathogen dissemination. Therefore, studying female mosquito reproduction and targeting genes or proteins related to reproduction could lead to an alternative method of vector control. Herein, we focused on the role of MD-2-related lipid-recognition protein-like (ML) in the reproduction of female mosquitoes [Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)].

CpML was predominantly expressed in female mosquito ovaries. Injection of a small interfering RNA targeting CpML resulted in reduced ovary size, and a decrease in the number of follicles and egg rafts. Knocking down CpML disrupted lipid metabolism by increasing triglyceride levels in ovaries. Knockdown of CpML resulted in a decrease in CpVg expression in the ovaries, which in turn increased the expression of CpDGAT1 within the ovaries, ultimately leading to an increase in triglyceride content.

Our research found that knocking down CpML impaired reproduction in Culex mosquitoes by increasing triglyceride levels in the ovaries. This study presents strong evidence that CpML is vital for female reproductive success, serving a key role in regulating lipid metabolism in C. p. pallens, and thereby enhancing our understanding of insect development and reproduction. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.