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Cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic events in systemic sclerosis: epidemiological analysis of the Clinical

John D Pauling1,2,3, Rachel Charlton2, Laura Ross4,5

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|May 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients face increased risks of cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism (VTE), both before and after diagnosis. Further research is needed to understand these thrombotic events and improve patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • Understanding the association between SSc and cardiovascular/thromboembolic events is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and the occurrence of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events.
  • To analyze event rates in SSc patients compared to matched non-SSc individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilized the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to identify SSc cases.
  • Rates of coronary arterial disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were compared between SSc patients and matched controls.
  • Cox regression analysis adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • A higher prevalence of CAD, PAD, and VTE was observed at baseline in the SSc cohort.
  • SSc patients exhibited a significantly increased risk of CAD, PAD, peripheral venous thromboses, and pulmonary embolism during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratios 1.84-3.01).
  • No increased risk of cerebrovascular disease was found in SSc patients.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic sclerosis is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events and VTE, occurring both before and within 8 years of diagnosis.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying arterial and venous thrombotic events in SSc.
  • Identifying these mechanisms can lead to more targeted preventative strategies and improved outcomes for SSc patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseepidemiologyincidencemortalityprevalencesmokingsystemic sclerosisvenous thromboembolism

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