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How Should Youth Handgrip Strength be Normalized? New Insights Using 3-D Allometry with "Generalizable"

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Handgrip strength (HGS) in youth should be normalized using height and body mass for accurate health assessments. This study identified the optimal body size dimensions for normalizing HGS in children and adolescents.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Human Physiology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Handgrip strength (HGS) is a key indicator of overall health.
  • Previous research suggests normalizing adult HGS using body size measures like cross-sectional or surface area.
  • The appropriate method for normalizing HGS in youth remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal body size dimension(s) for normalizing HGS in youth.
  • To establish norm-referenced values for HGS in children and adolescents based on these dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) on 4816 youth aged 6-19 years.
  • Employed allometric scaling to identify the best body size dimensions (body mass, height, waist circumference) for normalizing HGS.
  • Developed sex- and age-specific HGS norms using generalized additive models.

Main Results:

  • Using height squared and body mass to the power of 0.333 (HGS/(HT^2 * M^0.333)) was identified as the optimal normalization ratio.
  • Height squared alone was the best single predictor if only one dimension could be used.
  • Normalized HGS values showed a decline from ages 6-8 years, followed by a progressive increase.

Conclusions:

  • Allometric scaling of HGS using (height^2 * body mass^0.333) effectively normalizes strength for body size in youth.
  • This normalization method is valuable for population-based research on pediatric HGS.
  • Established norms provide essential reference points for assessing HGS in children and adolescents.