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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
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Oxygen Reduction Intermediates-Mediated Electron Transport in Single-Molecule Junctions.

Bo Wang1, Hong-Yang Guo1, Yue-Tong Sun1

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Single-molecule electrical measurements reveal the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism in iron porphyrin junctions. This study identifies a ferric-superoxide intermediate, crucial for understanding molecular catalyst electrocatalysis.

Keywords:
metalloporphyrinoxygen reduction reactionscanning tunneling microscopy break junctionshell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopyspectroelectrochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Single-molecule electronics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Single-molecule electrical measurements offer unique insights into chemical reactions.
  • The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical in catalysis and energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ORR mechanism at the single-molecule level using iron porphyrin junctions.
  • To elucidate the role of molecular structure in electrocatalytic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule conductance measurements in O2-saturated solutions.
  • In situ Raman spectroscopy and ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Identified the formation of a ferric-superoxide porphyrin complex ((Fe-O2•-)-TPyP) during ORR.
  • Observed molecular vibrations confirming the intermediate's structure.
  • DFT calculations indicated protonation of the intermediate as the rate-determining step.

Conclusions:

  • The ORR significantly impacts electron transport in single-molecule junctions.
  • The break junction method provides a novel approach to study molecular catalyst electrocatalysis at the single-molecule level.