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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Suggestive seizure induction techniques in paediatric functional/dissociative seizures: an extensive protocol.

Valentina Baglioni1, Dario Esposito1, Serena Cesario2

  • 1Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|May 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A Suggestive Seizure Induction Technique (SSIT) aids in diagnosing Functional/Dissociative Seizures (FDS) in children when EEGs are inconclusive. This non-invasive method, using verbal cues and tactile stimuli, showed promise in identifying FDS and associated psychological factors.

Keywords:
Functional dissociative seizuresFunctional neurological disorderPaediatric neurologyParoxysmal eventsPsychogenic non-epileptic seizuresSuggestive seizure induction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Functional/Dissociative Seizures (FDS) are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy in pediatric patients.
  • Diagnosis is challenging, especially when standard or prolonged EEG recordings are non-diagnostic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of a structured, non-invasive Suggestive Seizure Induction Technique (SSIT) protocol integrated within video-EEG.
  • To explore clinical correlates of seizure responses during SSIT in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 25 pediatric patients with suspected FDS, all with prior inconclusive EEGs.
  • The SSIT protocol involved verbal suggestion, tuning fork, and soaked pad application during video-EEG.
  • Analysis of seizure responses, somatoform/dissociative reactions, and psychological assessments.

Main Results:

  • A seizure response to SSIT was observed in 52% of patients; 72% showed somatoform or dissociative reactions.
  • Verbal suggestion and soaked pad techniques were most effective in eliciting responses.
  • Seizure responses correlated significantly with dissociative symptoms and lower working memory scores.

Conclusions:

  • SSIT can potentially accelerate the diagnosis of FDS in a stepwise diagnostic approach.
  • The study highlights the relevance of dissociative symptoms and cognitive factors in pediatric FDS.
  • Further research into SSIT's role in diagnosing FDS is warranted.