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Barriers and facilitators to reporting workplace violence among healthcare workers: A mixed-methods systematic review
Dan Xu1, Jing Zhou2, Minli Yang3
1College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Background:
Workplace violence (WPV) threatens healthcare workers and patient safety, yet underreporting remains prevalent.
Purpose:
To identify barriers and facilitators of WPV reporting among healthcare workers, with implications for management, leadership, and policy.
Methods:
We searched 10 databases for studies from inception to September 1, 2024, with an update on November 30, 2024. Two reviewers assessed quality using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. A convergent integrated synthesis was conducted.
Discussion:
Fifty-eight studies from 30 countries were included (16 qualitative, 37 quantitative, 5 mixed-methods). Barriers to reporting fell into three themes: (a) Organizational Challenges, (b) Cultural and Social Barriers, and (c) Personal and Emotional Barriers. Facilitators included (a) Supportive Organizational Environment, (b) Legal and Policy Supports, (c) Education and Awareness, and (d) Personal Motivations.
Conclusions:
Promoting WPV reporting requires multilevel strategies, including leadership accountability, simplified systems, and legislative action. The findings support a global agenda to improve safety culture and organizational learning in healthcare.
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