Atomic-scale insights into metal-oxide/graphene heterostructures

Heterostructures consisting of graphene (Gr) and metal-oxides are gaining increasing attention due to their exceptional structural, electronic, and chemical properties. Understanding the characteristics of the Gr/metal-oxide interface is crucial for designing advanced materials with tailored properties for a wide range of technological applications. Gr is often employed as a substrate for the stabilisation of metal-oxides nanoclusters, enhancing their performance in heterogeneous catalysis. Conversely, the integration of atomically flat, ultra-thin metal-oxides with Gr enables precise modulation of its electronic properties, thereby unlocking novel possibilities for advancements in nano-electronics. This review explores the atomic-scale details of interfaces formed between Gr and metal-oxide films, analysed from a surface science perspective. Special attention is directed toward the role of Gr in shaping the morphology of metal-oxides, as well as in addressing the challenges of stabilising a Gr layer on an oxide surface. The electronic coupling between Gr and metal oxides is examined, with a focus on the implications for both catalytic and electronic applications of these heterostructures.