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Related Concept Videos

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Infection01:20

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Infectious complications of atopic dermatitis: An update.

Vivian Wang1, Petrus Johannes Jansen van Rensburg2, Juri Boguniewicz3

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|May 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Infectious complications are common in atopic dermatitis (AD). New therapies impact infection risk, with dupilumab reducing infections and JAK inhibitors increasing herpes risk, highlighting the need for understanding AD pathophysiology for effective management.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Infectious complications are a significant comorbidity in atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • Recent advancements include the approval of multiple new medications for AD treatment.
  • Understanding these infections is crucial for managing AD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on skin barrier lipid alterations and immune responses in AD.
  • To provide guidance on managing and preventing infections in AD patients.
  • To detail the impact of current AD therapies on infectious complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review using PubMed searches.
  • Selection of studies focusing on AD infection mechanisms, clinical aspects, and treatments.
  • Synthesis of data on pathophysiology, management, and therapeutic roles.

Main Results:

  • Reduced long-chain fatty acids and omega-esterified ceramides in AD skin barrier increase Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility.
  • Host antimicrobial peptide/protein activity against S. aureus is hindered by self-DNA and RNase inhibitors.
  • Dupilumab decreases AD infections, while oral Janus kinase inhibitors raise the risk of herpes infections.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious complications remain a major challenge in uncontrolled atopic dermatitis.
  • Effective prevention and treatment strategies rely on a thorough understanding of AD pathophysiology.
  • Clinicians must remain vigilant in managing these infectious risks.