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General and Autism-Related Neurodevelopmental Difficulties in Biliary Atresia.
Megan Earl1, Marianne Samyn2, Charlotte Blackmore1
1Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
The Journal of Pediatrics
|May 30, 2025
Summary
Children with biliary atresia (BA) show significant neurodevelopmental challenges and autistic traits. Early intervention and jaundice clearance improve general outcomes, but autistic traits require further study.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
- Hepatology
Background:
- Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe neonatal liver disease.
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes in BA survivors are not fully understood.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for BA management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate neurodevelopment in children with BA.
- To explore the relationship between neurodevelopment and disease factors in BA.
- To assess the prevalence of autistic traits in BA patients.
Main Methods:
- An observational study involving 107 parents of children with BA.
- Neurodevelopmental assessments using Mullens Scale and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale for 50 infants.
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule used for eligible children.
Main Results:
- 37% of parents reported neurodevelopmental concerns; 47% required support services.
- Children with BA showed significantly lower cognitive and adaptive skills compared to controls.
- 30% of children over 2 years received an autism diagnosis; early surgical intervention correlated with better general neurodevelopment.
Conclusions:
- Children with BA exhibit high rates of neurodevelopmental difficulties, necessitating increased awareness and surveillance.
- Early identification and treatment of BA are linked to improved general neurodevelopmental outcomes.
- BA is associated with autistic traits, independent of disease management, warranting further investigation.
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