Heterogeneity of depressive mood and its influences on adolescents: A latent profile analysis

This study aims to delve into the classification of depressive mood states among adolescents and their associations with taste preferences and social jet lag.

A convenience sampling method was employed, involving all students from four middle schools in Meishan City, Sichuan Province, China. Adolescents' taste preferences were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Social jet lag and depressive mood were assessed using the Munich Sleep Chronotype Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, respectively.

The study analyzed 5236 adolescents, categorizing their depressive mood into four groups: Group 4: severe depressive mood (5.77 %), Group 3: mild depressive mood-low interpersonal problems (12.36 %), Group 2: mild depressive mood-high interpersonal problems (10.85 %), and Group 1: healthy (71.03 %). Gender significantly predicted the latent categories of adolescent depressive mood, with males less likely to be in Groups 3 and 4. Compared to adolescents without specific taste preferences, those preferring spicy flavors had a higher probability of being in Group 3. Adolescents preferring sweet, sour, and salty flavors were more likely to be in Groups 2, 3, and 4. Notably, adolescents preferring bitter flavors exhibited a higher likelihood of being in Groups 3 and 4. Additionally, adolescents with social jet lag <2 h were less likely to be in Groups 2, 3, and 4.

The study reveals substantial intergroup heterogeneity and intragroup variability in adolescent depressive mood. Female adolescents, those with specific taste preferences, and those with larger social jet lag exhibit more severe depressive mood.