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Narrative review of micronutrients and fatty acids in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Jennifer Curtiss1,2, Audrey N Miller2,3
1Department of Clinical Nutrition and Lactation, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Insights
Micronutrients and fatty acids are vital for premature infants' lung health, impacting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk and outcomes. Proper nutrition is key for BPD prevention and management in vulnerable newborns.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal nutrition
- Respiratory medicine
- Pediatric pulmonology
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a primary chronic lung disease in premature infants.
- Nutritional status significantly affects lung development, repair, and BPD outcomes.
- Micronutrients and fatty acids are crucial for modulating lung health in neonates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on the role of micronutrients and fatty acids in BPD development.
- To explore the impact of these nutrients on BPD prevention strategies.
- To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions in neonatal nutrition for BPD.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of existing scientific literature.
- Analysis of studies focusing on micronutrient and fatty acid relevance to BPD.
- Synthesis of data concerning BPD development, prevention, and nutritional interventions.
Main Results:
- Micronutrients and fatty acids play a significant role in lung development and repair.
- These nutrients influence key pathways including oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs.
- Evidence suggests a link between specific nutrient profiles and BPD risk and severity.
Conclusions:
- Micronutrients and fatty acids are critical components of nutritional management for premature infants at risk of BPD.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and optimize the use of these nutrients for BPD prevention and treatment.
- Targeted nutritional strategies may improve lung outcomes in infants with or at risk for BPD.
Abstract:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic morbidity impacting infants who are born premature. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in lung growth, function, and repair, influencing the risk of developing BPD and outcomes once the diagnosis is established. Micronutrients and fatty acids, in particular, are critical aspects of nutrition management for this population. They modulate lung development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This narrative review examines the existing literature regarding the relevance of micronutrients and fatty acids in the development of BPD and BPD prevention. Additionally, this review aims to identify current gaps in knowledge and calls for future research.
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