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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer.

Kerry S Courneya1, Janette L Vardy2,3, Christopher J O'Callaghan4

  • 1Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|June 1, 2025
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Structured exercise programs significantly improve disease-free survival for colon cancer patients post-chemotherapy. This intervention also shows promising results for overall survival, offering a new avenue for cancer recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Exercise Science
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Preclinical and observational studies suggest exercise benefits cancer outcomes.
  • Definitive Level 1 evidence for exercise's impact on cancer survival has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a structured exercise program in improving cancer outcomes for patients with resected colon cancer.
  • To provide Level 1 evidence regarding the role of exercise in colon cancer survivorship.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 3, randomized trial involving 889 patients with resected colon cancer who completed adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Participants were assigned to a 3-year structured exercise program or a health-education control group.
  • Primary endpoint was disease-free survival.

Main Results:

  • Median follow-up of 7.9 years revealed significantly longer disease-free survival in the exercise group (HR, 0.72; P=0.02).
  • Five-year disease-free survival was 80.3% in the exercise group versus 73.9% in the control group.
  • The exercise group also demonstrated trends towards longer overall survival (8-year OS: 90.3% vs 83.2%).
  • Musculoskeletal adverse events were more frequent in the exercise group (18.5% vs 11.5%).

Conclusions:

  • A 3-year structured exercise program initiated after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer significantly enhances disease-free survival.
  • The findings suggest a positive impact on overall survival, supporting exercise as a beneficial intervention in colon cancer care.
  • Further research may explore optimizing exercise protocols and managing potential adverse events.