Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.5K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.5K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

875
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
875
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.5K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.1K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.1K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

63.4K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
63.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microbiome histidine competition mediates dietary control of systemic imidazole propionate.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Iron chaperones and RNA-binding proteins, PCBP1 and PCBP2, maintain hepatic iron balance and protect against ferroptosis.

Free radical biology & medicine·2026
Same author

The medium-chain fatty acid octanoate is a beneficial fuel for the failing heart.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Impact of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Metabolic Hormone Release from Thyroid Gland.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·2026
Same author

An Optical Reporting Patch for Spatiotemporal Measurements of Water Activity in Complex Environments.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Cancer interception with KRAS inhibitors in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology
11:19

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

8.9K

RNA binding proteins PCBP1 and PCBP2 regulate pancreatic β cell translation.

Matthew W Haemmerle1, Kirill Batmanov1, Sabyasachi Sen1

  • 1Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Molecular Metabolism
|June 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

RNA binding proteins PCBP1 and PCBP2 are essential for beta cell function and glucose homeostasis. Their combined deletion causes severe diabetes by impairing mRNA translation and beta cell viability.

Keywords:
DiabetesPost-transcriptional regulationβ cells

More Related Videos

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions
10:40

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

Published on: December 28, 2016

7.8K
An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology
11:19

Novel RNA-Binding Proteins Isolation by the RaPID Methodology

Published on: September 30, 2016

8.9K
Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions
10:40

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

Published on: December 28, 2016

7.8K
An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria
07:02

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tight control of mRNA translation in pancreatic beta cells is crucial for glucose homeostasis and beta cell health.
  • RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate translational dynamics, but their specific roles and interactions in beta cells are not fully understood.
  • PCBP2 was previously identified as a key post-transcriptional regulator of beta cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between PCBP1 and PCBP2 in regulating beta cell homeostasis and translation.
  • To determine the impact of PCBP1 and PCBP2 on glucose metabolism and beta cell viability.

Main Methods:

  • Generated mice with beta cell-specific deletion of Pcbp1 and combined Pcbp1/2.
  • Utilized single-cell RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and western blot to analyze gene expression.
  • Employed RNA immunoprecipitation, CRISPR-Cas9, shRNAs, and puromycin labeling to study RNA-protein interactions and global translation rates.

Main Results:

  • Pcbp1 deletion alone did not affect glucose homeostasis.
  • Combined deletion of Pcbp1 and Pcbp2 led to severe diabetes, reduced beta cell viability, and impaired translation.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed downregulation of translation initiation factors and ribosomal mRNAs in PCBP co-deficient beta cells.
  • PCBPs were found to bind and stabilize these target mRNAs, sustaining global translation.

Conclusions:

  • PCBP1 and PCBP2 are required for maintaining global mRNA translation rates in beta cells.
  • These RNA binding proteins are critical for beta cell function and glucose homeostasis.