Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Tenosynovitis, an inflammation of the tendon sheath, can have various etiologies.
• Mycobacterial infections are uncommon causes of tenosynovitis, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.
• Mycobacterium terrae complex is a rarely reported pathogen in human infections.

Observation:

• A 72-year-old male presented with tenosynovitis affecting the left forearm and hand.
• Histopathological analysis of excised tissue revealed noncaseating granulomas.
• Mycobacterial cultures identified the causative agent as Mycobacterium terrae complex.

Findings:

• This case, along with a review of four previously documented cases, suggests Mycobacterium terrae complex primarily causes localized infections in the forearm and hand.
• Infection appears to occur via direct inoculation.
• Systemic dissemination from the initial site of infection was not observed in any of the reported cases.

Implications:

• Mycobacterium terrae complex should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tenosynovitis, especially after potential direct inoculation.
• The organism may cause infection in individuals without apparent underlying health issues.
• Further research into the pathogenesis and treatment of Mycobacterium terrae complex infections is warranted.