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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Elective Egg Freezing in Canada: Developing a Framework for Consent Documents.

Kathleen Hammond¹, Alana Cattapan^2,3

¹Lincoln Alexander School of Law, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2 K3, Canada. kathleen.hammond@torontomu.ca.

The Journal of Medical Humanities

|June 1, 2025

Summary

Elective egg freezing (EEF) use is rising, but concerns exist regarding industry marketing and success rates. This study outlines seven essential elements for ethical informed consent in Canadian EEF practices.

Keywords:

Assisted reproduction Canada Consent Cryopreservation Egg freezing Fertility preservation

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

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Published on: October 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Reproductive medicine
Bioethics
Informed consent

Background:

Elective egg freezing (EEF) adoption is increasing rapidly.
Concerns exist regarding aggressive marketing by the fertility industry and limited success rate data.
EEF involves healthy individuals undergoing non-life-preserving procedures, heightening the importance of informed consent.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify crucial elements for ethical informed consent documents specific to elective egg freezing.
To address concerns related to aggressive marketing and success rate transparency in EEF.
To establish ethical disclosure standards for EEF in the Canadian context.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing scholarship on EEF concerns and consent processes.
Analysis of ethical standards for informed consent in medical interventions.
Focus on the Canadian regulatory and ethical landscape for assisted reproductive technologies.

Main Results:

Identified significant ethical considerations surrounding EEF advertising and success rate disclosure.
Highlighted the inadequacy of current consent processes for EEF.
Proposed a framework of seven essential elements for EEF informed consent documents.

Conclusions:

Ethical informed consent is paramount for elective egg freezing due to its nature.
Current EEF consent practices may not adequately inform prospective users.
Seven key elements are recommended for Canadian EEF consent forms to ensure ethical disclosure.