Exploring Perceptions of HPV Risks and Motivations to Vaccination in MSM at a Community-Based HIV Clinic

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Public Health
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Anal cancer incidence is rising, disproportionately affecting HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+ MSM).
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is effective but has low uptake in this population.
• Understanding perceptions of HPV infection and vaccination is crucial for improving public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the perceptions of HPV infection and vaccination among HIV+ MSM.
• To identify factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptance within this demographic.
• To inform targeted interventions for increasing HPV vaccination rates.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 49 HIV+ MSM at a federally qualified health center in Austin, Texas.
• The survey utilized the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to assess awareness, perceived severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action regarding HPV and vaccination.
• Data collected included demographics, sexual behavior, and HPV/vaccine knowledge.

Main Results:

• Only 22.45% of participants had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine.
• Less than half recognized HPV's role in anal cancer, indicating low overall HPV knowledge.
• Vaccine acceptance was associated with higher perceived severity and benefits, fewer barriers, and stronger physician recommendations, with cost being a significant barrier.

Conclusions:

• There are critical gaps in awareness regarding HPV's link to anal cancer among HIV+ MSM.
• Health Belief Model constructs, including perceived severity, benefits, and low barriers, are key predictors of HPV vaccine acceptance.
• Targeted interventions emphasizing susceptibility, benefits, and healthcare provider recommendations are needed to increase HPV vaccination rates in this underserved population.