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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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  11. Long-term Exposure To Real-life Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Induces Carcinogenesis In Vitro.
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
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  11. Long-term Exposure To Real-life Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Induces Carcinogenesis In Vitro.

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Long-Term Exposure to Real-Life Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Induces Carcinogenesis In Vitro.

Javier Gutiérrez-García1, Raquel Egea1, Irene Barguilla2,3

  • 1Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain.

Environmental Science & Technology
|June 2, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term exposure to polyethylene terephthalate micro/nanoplastics (PET-MNPLs) may cause cancer. Chronic inhalation of these plastic particles in the lungs shows potential for genotoxicity and cell transformation, indicating serious health risks.

Keywords:
carcinogenicitychronic exposurehuman health risknanoplastics (NPLs)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Micro/nanoplastics (MNPLs) are pervasive environmental contaminants.
  • Inhalation is a key exposure route, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) abundant in human lungs.
  • Chronic health effects of MNPLs, particularly carcinogenicity, are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term carcinogenic potential of PET-MNPLs.
  • To assess genotoxicity and cellular changes following chronic exposure.
  • To examine gene expression related to lung cancer development.

Main Methods:

  • BEAS-2B lung cells were exposed to PET-MNPLs for 30 weeks.
  • Evaluated genotoxicity, anchorage-independent growth, and invasive potential.
new approach methodologies (NAMs)
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
respiratory toxicity
  • Conducted transcriptomic analysis to identify altered genes and pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant effects observed after 24 hours or 15 weeks of exposure.
    • 30-week exposure induced genotoxic damage, increased anchorage-independent growth, and enhanced invasive potential.
    • Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of oncogenes and lung cancer-associated genes, with a temporal gradient.

    Conclusions:

    • Extended exposure to PET-MNPLs suggests potential carcinogenicity.
    • Highlights significant long-term health risks associated with chronic MNPL inhalation.
    • Emphasizes the need for assessing carcinogenic risks under chronic exposure scenarios.