Utilizing the healing power of flaxseed: a narrative review of its therapeutic applications

Linum usitatissimum L. (flaxseed), an herbaceous plant from the Linaceae family, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in treating various health conditions. Although numerous studies have explored the benefits of flaxseed, a comprehensive review of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects is lacking. Such a review would provide a clearer perspective on its medical applications. This study aims to comprehensively examine these effects based on research conducted on the management of various disorders.

We conducted a narrative review of flaxseed and its derivatives by systematically searching for the keywords "Linum usitatissimum L., flax, flaxseed, antioxidant", and "anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress, inflammation, herbal medicine, nutraceuticals, cytokines" in reputable international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus, up until October 1, 2024. A total of 2,412 articles were reviewed, of which 2,336 were excluded due to duplication, irrelevance or similarity. The findings were categorized into in vitro, animal, and clinical studies.

Numerous studies indicate that flaxseed and its derivatives reduce inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, they exhibit antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, and cardioprotective properties due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, animal and clinical studies suggest that flaxseed extract reduces body fat storage and insulin resistance while offering various therapeutic benefits.

In conclusion, various studies demonstrate the significant potential of flaxseed for prevention and management of diseases. Its efficacy is likely attributable to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is required to fully understand its therapeutic potential.