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Transgenerational Obesity Modulation of Gut Mucosal Immunity.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal obesity and Western diet (WD) consumption impair offspring gut immunity. However, progeny can reverse Paneth cell loss and maintain gut health by adopting a healthy diet, preventing immune dysfunction.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Rising obesity rates in the US raise concerns about transgenerational health impacts.
  • Maternal obesity may negatively affect offspring's physiological functions, including gut immunity.
  • Previous studies link Western diet (WD) consumption to decreased gut immune cell density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of maternal Western diet (WD) consumption on the gut mucosal immunity of offspring.
  • To determine if diet-induced changes in gut immunity are reversible in progeny.
  • To assess the influence of offspring's diet on fecal microbiome composition and infection response.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were fed a high-fat, high-sugar Western diet (WD) or a control diet.
  • Offspring gut immune cell populations (Paneth cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes) were analyzed.
  • Fecal microbiome composition and response to infection were assessed in offspring.
  • Reversibility of diet-induced immune changes was evaluated by switching offspring to a healthy diet.

Main Results:

  • WD consumption by dams decreased Paneth cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) density in offspring.
  • Paneth cell loss was reversible upon switching offspring to a healthy diet, while IEL loss was not.
  • Offspring diet composition determined fecal microbiome structure and infection susceptibility.
  • Offspring from obese dams could prevent gut immunity impairment by consuming a healthy diet.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal WD exposure impacts offspring gut immunity, with partial reversibility.
  • Offspring's dietary choices play a critical role in modulating gut microbiome and immune responses.
  • A healthy diet in offspring is crucial for preventing gut immune dysfunction, even with maternal obesity history.