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New (Re)-emerging and ePidemic Infectious Diseases (RAPID) Stigma Scales were developed to combat infectious disease outbreaks. These validated tools enable real-time stigma assessment, crucial for effective public health interventions and equitable care.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Stigma reduction is vital during infectious disease outbreaks for effective response.
  • Existing stigma scales are not validated for cross-outbreak use and are too slow for timely interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the (Re)-emerging and ePidemic Infectious Diseases (RAPID) Stigma Scales for real-time monitoring and mitigation of stigma across diverse outbreak contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Field testing and psychometric validation in communities affected by Ebola, mpox, and Nipah virus disease.
  • Content validity established via cognitive interviews and expert Delphi scoring.
  • 1008 respondents across three countries participated in the validation.

Main Results:

  • The RAPID Community Stigma Scale (12 items) and RAPID Self Stigma Scale (4 items) demonstrated robust psychometric properties.
  • Scales showed strong content validity, structural validity (factor loadings ≥0·6), and reliability (ordinal alphas 0·79-0·92).
  • Higher stigma scores correlated with increased hesitancy to report symptoms and seek care.

Conclusions:

  • The RAPID Stigma Scales are validated tools for real-time assessment of stigma in outbreak settings.
  • These scales empower responders to design targeted interventions, improving health outcomes and promoting equitable care.