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Native and decellularized porcine vena cava: Biomechanical and microstructural comparison.

Maria Stefania Massaro1, Gerhard Sommer2, Anna Pukaluk2

  • 1Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Czech Republic.

Acta Biomaterialia
|June 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Decellularized porcine vena cava scaffolds maintain mechanical properties similar to native tissue, showing potential for vascular reconstruction. Microstructural analysis revealed comparable collagen fiber orientation but differences in media fiber straightness.

Keywords:
CollagenDecellularizationExtension-inflation testPorcine vena cavaSecond-harmonic generation microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Tissue decellularization yields acellular scaffolds that preserve native tissue morphology and reduce immunogenicity.
  • Investigating mechanical behavior and protein composition is crucial for evaluating decellularized tissues.
  • Decellularized scaffolds offer a natural microenvironment for cell seeding in tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of decellularized porcine vena cava.
  • To compare decellularized scaffolds with native vena cava for potential vascular reconstruction applications.
  • To analyze collagen fiber organization and orientation in native and decellularized venous tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Extension-inflation tests were performed on native and decellularized porcine vena cava.
  • Multiphoton microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure and collagen fiber organization.
  • Mechanical data (pressure-stretch curves) and microstructural parameters (fiber orientation, diameter, tortuosity) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Decellularized and native vena cava exhibited similar viscoelastic and nonlinear mechanical behaviors.
  • No significant mechanical differences were observed between native and decellularized tissues at physiological inflation pressures.
  • Multiphoton microscopy revealed comparable collagen fiber orientation (72° from circumferential) and distribution, though native media fibers were straighter than decellularized scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Decellularized porcine vena cava scaffolds demonstrate largely comparable mechanical properties to native tissue, indicating their potential for vascular reconstruction.
  • The microstructural analysis provides insights into venous physiology and forms a basis for in silico modeling.
  • This study comprehensively characterizes decellularized veins, supporting their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.