Views, feelings, and thoughts of first-time mothers regarding breastfeeding in public: a qualitative study

The existing literature on breastfeeding in public has primarily concentrated on societal perceptions. However, women are the central figures in breastfeeding in public spaces. In particular, first-time breastfeeding mothers may feel incapable of breastfeeding or may have different perceptions of breastfeeding based on what they see or hear around them. Breastfeeding in public places may be difficult for these mothers. Therefore, it is essential to examine the perceptions of first-time breastfeeding mothers regarding breastfeeding in public to gain a better understanding of their thoughts and concerns, and to identify the factors influencing breastfeeding practices, particularly in public.

This study was conducted to examine the views, feelings, and thoughts of first-time mothers regarding breastfeeding in public. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews at Kahramanmaras Sütcü İmam University Health Practice and Research Hospital in Türkiye between May and September 2024. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. In analysis, the researchers followed Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method and identified and organized clusters of themes from the statements in the transcribed interviews. The MAXQDA software was used for coding and identifying relationships between themes and sub-themes.

Data saturation was reached with 34 participants. The analysis revealed four primary themes and 13 subthemes that represented the views, feelings, and thoughts of first-time mothers: (1) Confronting breastfeeding in public; (2) Challenging emotions related to breastfeeding in public; (3) Demotivating factors for breastfeeding in public; (4) Needs related to breastfeeding in public. The acceptability of breastfeeding in public varied among the participants, with negative narratives being more prevalent. A significant number of participants expressed a desire to avoid societal condemnation, viewing breastfeeding without a cover as improper. Additionally, certain culturally specific beliefs were identified as barriers to breastfeeding in public.

This study found that first-time mothers' views, feelings and thoughts about breastfeeding in public were influenced by the community's attitude. Additionally, the findings underscored the crucial role of culturally specific beliefs in shaping mothers' motivation to breastfeed in public. Therefore, proactive interventions targeting both new mothers and their environment are essential to change mothers' negative perceptions of breastfeeding in public.