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Resilience of science after austerity.

Ye Sun¹, Athen Ma², Georg von Graevenitz³

¹School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.

|June 3, 2025

Summary

Austerity measures impacted science funding, with highly competitive universities gaining income while lower-ranked ones lost it. However, less competitive universities showed surprising resilience and increased grant applications after austerity was relaxed.

Keywords:

austerity grant funding research competitiveness resilience science of science

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Area of Science:

Complexity science
Bibliometrics
Science policy

Background:

Governments implemented austerity measures starting in 2009, leading to science funding restrictions and increased competition.
The study examines the impact of austerity on university grant income and research competitiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the allocation of science funding across UK universities during austerity periods.
To develop and validate a network-based measure of research competitiveness.
To assess the resilience of scientific research to austerity measures.

Main Methods:

Utilized a complexity science approach, employing a bipartite network of universities and scientific subjects to measure research competitiveness.
Analyzed a dataset of 43,430 UK-funded grants awarded between 2006 and 2020.
Exploited the 2015 UK general election as a natural experiment to study the relaxation of austerity.

Main Results:

Highly competitive universities increased their grant income under austerity, whereas less competitive universities experienced a decline.
Less competitive universities demonstrated high resilience, with significant growth in grant applications and income after the unexpected relaxation of austerity in 2015.
The network-based competitiveness measure proved to be a more effective proxy for research competitiveness than aggregate grant income.

Conclusions:

Research competitiveness, measured through network analysis, significantly influences university grant income during periods of austerity.
Less competitive institutions exhibited unexpected resilience, indicating a potential for recovery and growth post-austerity.
The findings underscore the utility of complexity science methods for understanding science funding dynamics and research competitiveness.