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Self-regulation in moderate-to-late preterm children: A scoping review

Amber Feher1, Alfredo Pereira2, Rita Santos3

  • 1Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e de Intervenção Social (CIS-Iscte), Lisbon, Portugal.

Infant Mental Health Journal
|June 3, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Moderate-to-late preterm children show varied self-regulation development compared to other groups. Research on their emotional, behavioral, and cognitive regulation is limited, highlighting a need for more studies.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) children are the majority of preterm births but are underrepresented in research.
  • MLPT children may experience more difficulties than full-term peers in specific developmental areas.
  • Existing research often focuses on extremely/very preterm children, neglecting the MLPT population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of psychological self-regulation in MLPT children (3 months to 3 years).
  • To examine self-regulation compared to other gestational age groups.
  • To identify environmental and individual factors influencing self-regulation in MLPT children.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across five electronic databases, supplemented by manual searches.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on MLPT children, self-regulation domains (emotional, behavioral, cognitive), and comparative or correlational studies.
  • Analysis of 24 identified relevant articles.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent findings regarding self-regulation in MLPT children compared to other groups.
  • Emotion regulation in MLPT children appears similar to extremely/very preterm children.
  • Behavioral regulation in MLPT children resembles full-term peers, while cognitive regulation results are mixed.
  • Maternal depressive symptoms and child's sex were identified as associated factors.

Conclusions:

  • Self-regulation development in MLPT children is variable and requires further investigation.
  • There is a significant research gap concerning the psychological self-regulation of MLPT children.
  • Longitudinal studies with representative samples are crucial to better understand MLPT children's development.

Keywords:
KleinkindalterPrématurité modérée à tardiveSelbstregulationSäuglingsalteranalyse bibliographiqueautorregulaciónautoréglementationinfanciainfancymittlere bis späte Frühgeburtmoderate‐to‐late prematuritynourrissonparto moderada o tardíamente prematuropetite enfancerevisión exploratoriascoping reviewself‐regulationtemprana niñeztoddlerhoodالخداج المعتدل إلى المتأخر، التنظيم الذاتي، الطفولة، الطفولة المبكرة، مراجعة نطاقيةスコーピングレビュー中晚期早产中期～後期未熟性乳児期婴儿期幼儿期幼児期自己調整自我调节范围综述

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