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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

8.5K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

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Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
252
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

868
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
868
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

376
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Does Patient Age Impact In-Office Tooth Bleaching Outcomes? A Parallel Clinical Trial.

J L Martins1, I S Araújo2, J F Rabelo3

  • 1Júlia Marques Martins, DDS, MS student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Operative Dentistry
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patient age impacts in-office tooth bleaching results. Younger adults experienced more sensitivity and whitening, while older adults reported a greater psychosocial benefit from dental esthetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Aesthetics
  • Cosmetic Dentistry
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • In-office tooth bleaching is a popular cosmetic dental procedure.
  • Patient age may influence outcomes such as tooth sensitivity and bleaching effectiveness.
  • Understanding these age-related differences is crucial for managing patient expectations and treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate how patient age affects tooth sensitivity, bleaching effectiveness, and the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics after in-office bleaching.
  • To compare outcomes between early adulthood (18-25 years) and middle-aged (40-65 years) patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • A parallel study involving 56 subjects divided into two age groups.
  • In-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide was performed in a single session.
  • Bleaching effectiveness was assessed using a shade guide and spectrophotometer; sensitivity was measured via visual analog and verbal rating scales; psychosocial impact was evaluated using a specific questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • Early adulthood subjects had a 17% increased risk of tooth sensitivity and reported higher pain levels post-bleaching.
  • Despite increased sensitivity, younger adults showed superior bleaching effects at 30 days.
  • Middle-aged subjects reported a more significant overall psychosocial impact related to dental esthetics.

Conclusions:

  • Patient age is a significant factor influencing in-office bleaching outcomes.
  • While both age groups achieved esthetic satisfaction, younger individuals experienced greater whitening and sensitivity.
  • Middle-aged individuals perceived a more pronounced psychosocial benefit from improved dental esthetics.