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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
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Patellar instability: current approach.

David H Dejour1, David Mazy2, Tomas Pineda3

  • 1Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Lyon, France.

EFORT Open Reviews
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Objective patellar instability (OPI) in adolescents, particularly females, is linked to trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and increased TT-TG distance. MRI aids in quantifying these risks for tailored treatment approaches.

Keywords:
medial patellofemoral ligamentpatella altapatellar instabilitytibial tubercle osteotomytibial tubercle–trochlear groovetrochlear dysplasiatrochleoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Patellar dislocations are common in adolescents, especially females.
  • Patellofemoral joint stability relies on bone and soft tissues.
  • Patellofemoral issues include objective patellar instability (OPI), potential instability, and painful patellar syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key risk factors for patellar dislocations.
  • To highlight MRI's role in assessing these factors.
  • To introduce a patient-specific treatment strategy for OPI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of risk factors for patellar dislocation.
  • Emphasis on MRI as the primary imaging modality.
  • Description of the 'menu à la carte' treatment approach.

Main Results:

  • Primary risk factors identified: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance.
  • Secondary risk factors include femoral/tibial rotation and valgus deformity.
  • MRI enables precise quantification of OPI risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding anatomical risk factors is crucial for managing OPI.
  • MRI provides comprehensive assessment for targeted interventions.
  • A personalized 'menu à la carte' approach optimizes OPI treatment.