Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CD31<sup>+</sup> Cell Enrichment Enhances Therapeutic Effects of Stromal Vascular Fraction in Experimental Primary Osteoarthritis: A Preclinical Study in the Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig Model.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Low-energy hip fracture in a socially withdrawn and physically inactive teenager highlighting the age-independent role of mechanical loading and nutrition: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports·2026

Same author

Genicular Artery Embolization Using Rapidly Resorbable Gelatin-based Microspheres for Osteoarthritis-related Knee Pain.

Radiology·2026

Same author

Next-generation therapies for osteoarthritis: the evolving role of cell therapy products.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2026

Same author

Assessment of OpenEvidence responses to American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Journal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine·2026

Same author

#KneeOsteotomy: Evaluation of the Quality and Educational Value of TikTok Videos.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Evidence-based guidelines on orthobiologics.

Tobias Winkler^1,2,3, Stephan Oehme¹, Alexander Hildebrandt^1,2,3,4

¹Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery (CMSC), Berlin, Germany.

EFORT Open Reviews

|June 3, 2025

Summary

Orthobiologics therapies, like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cell-based treatments, are growing in popularity but face challenges in establishing evidence-based guidelines due to preparation and trial inconsistencies.

Keywords:

Advanced Therapies Orthobiologics Regenerative Therapies

More Related Videos

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

$Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus$

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Published on: January 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

$Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus$

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Published on: January 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthobiologics (OBs) encompass a range of regenerative medicine therapies for orthopedic conditions.

Background:

Blood-based (e.g., platelet-rich plasma - PRP) and tissue/cell-based (e.g., mesenchymal stromal cells) therapies are increasingly used.
Heterogeneity in preparation and trial quality complicates evidence-based guidelines for OBs, particularly for PRP efficacy in conditions like knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of orthobiologics therapies and the challenges in developing evidence-based clinical guidelines.
To highlight the need for standardized protocols and improved clinical trial frameworks for orthobiologics.

Main Methods:

Review of existing meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for blood-based and cell/tissue-based orthobiologics.
Analysis of guideline development efforts by orthopedic societies (e.g., ESSKA, AAOS).

Main Results:

PRP shows potential for improving patient outcomes in specific orthopedic conditions, but RCTs often have high bias.
Cell/tissue-based therapies have longer development pipelines; while safe, evidence is less abundant than for PRP, primarily focusing on knee osteoarthritis.
Orthopedic societies are developing guidelines using synthesized evidence and expert consensus.

Conclusions:

Standardized protocols for preparation, application, and outcome measures are crucial for orthobiologics.
Patient stratification and robust clinical trial frameworks are essential for unlocking the full potential of orthobiologics and establishing reliable guidelines.