Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

244
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
244
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

270
Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
270
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

388
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
388
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

315
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
315
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

339
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
339
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

23
Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
23

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Patient-Important Outcomes Reported as Primary Outcomes in Clinical Studies of Treatments for COVID-19: A Meta-Epidemiological Study.

Journal of clinical epidemiology·2026
Same author

Clinical Prediction Models for Prognostication After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Caffeine treatment for apnea in infants and children: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Pantoprazole Use in Invasively Ventilated Patients With Septic Shock: A Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan.

Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Guideline-based prognostic factors associated with mortality in pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Thorax·2026
Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Attracting Emergency Medicine Graduates to Surgical Critical Care Training Programs.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Beyond a Snapshot: Tracking Family Prognostic Expectations in the ICU.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure: Beware of Potential Confounders.

Critical care medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

12.0K

Diarrhea in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Nested Multicenter Substudy.

Joanna C Dionne1, Jennie Johnstone1, Diane Heels-Ansdell1

  • 1Departments of Medicine, Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Critical Care Medicine
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diarrhea affects over 60% of invasively ventilated ICU patients. Key risk factors include prior C. difficile infection, antibiotics, laxatives, and high-protein enteral nutrition.

Keywords:
critical illnessdiarrhearisk factors

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases — Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment
03:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases — Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment

Published on: December 27, 2024

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

12.0K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases — Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment
03:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases — Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment

Published on: December 27, 2024

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
06:51

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Diarrhea is a common complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.
  • Understanding its prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes is crucial for optimizing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and prevalence of diarrhea in invasively ventilated ICU patients.
  • To identify risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with diarrhea in this population.
  • To analyze the association between diarrhea and mortality in critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective documentation of bowel movements using the Bristol Stool Chart in 2,650 invasively ventilated patients across 44 ICUs.
  • Data collection on risk factors (e.g., C. difficile history, medications, nutrition) and patient outcomes.
  • Cox proportional hazards regression used to analyze risk factors and mortality association.

Main Results:

  • Diarrhea occurred in 60.4% of patients, with an incidence of 18.2% per ICU study day.
  • Independent risk factors identified: prior Clostridioides difficile infection, laxative use, antibiotic use, and enteral nutrition (especially moderate-high protein).
  • Diarrhea was not associated with an increased risk of death after adjusting for severity and other factors.

Conclusions:

  • Diarrhea is highly prevalent in invasively ventilated ICU patients.
  • Risk factors are multifactorial, including infection history, medications, and nutritional support.
  • While associated with longer ICU stays, diarrhea did not increase in-hospital mortality in this cohort.