Leaf-Inspired Biomimetic Aerogels for Thermal Insulation in Extreme Environments

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomimetic Engineering

Background:

• Aerogels are promising for thermal protection and energy conservation but achieving lightweight, flame-retardant, and insulating properties simultaneously is challenging.
• Natural structures offer design inspiration for advanced material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize novel silica/chitosan/zirconia fiber composite aerogels (SCZs) with enhanced thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties.
• To mimic natural leaf structures for improved material performance and stability.

Main Methods:

• Biomimetic design inspired by leaf epidermis, mesophyll, and veins.
• Synthesis of silica/chitosan/zirconia fiber composite aerogels (SCZs).
• Characterization of structural, thermal, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties.

Main Results:

• SCZs exhibit low density, mechanical robustness, and high-temperature dimensional stability.
• The biomimetic structure effectively impedes heat transfer and prevents structural collapse.
• Synergistic component interactions result in flame retardancy, radiative cooling, and hydrophobicity.

Conclusions:

• SCZs offer versatile thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties for extreme environments.
• A simple, sustainable, and low-cost strategy for preparing biomimetic aerogels was developed.
• These advancements support applications in thermal protection and energy saving.