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Related Concept Videos

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Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip
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Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Research on Vaginal Microbiome Interactions Using a Vaginal Chip

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Mediate the Host-Microbe Interface in a Model Vaginal Community.

Julie A Talbert1, Sabrina K Spicer1, Shannon D Manning2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States.

ACS Infectious Diseases
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and Lactobacillus promote a healthy vaginal microbiome, reducing Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection risks during pregnancy. This pre- and probiotic approach offers a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Keywords:
group B Streptococcushuman milk oligosaccharideslactobacillusmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe gestational infections with limited treatment options.
  • Current GBS treatments do not prevent chorioamnionitis, preterm birth, or late-onset disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and Lactobacillus for managing GBS infections.
  • To evaluate the impact of HMOs on the vaginal microbiome composition and GBS-Lactobacillus interactions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro coculture models of GBS and Lactobacillus spp. with HMOs.
  • Ex vivo analysis of Lactobacillus adherence to vaginal tissues.
  • In vivo mouse model of GBS reproductive tract infection.

Main Results:

  • HMOs shifted in vitro cultures to favor Lactobacillus spp., visualized by scanning electron microscopy.
  • HMOs enhanced Lactobacillus adherence to vaginal tissues during GBS coinoculation.
  • Combined Lactobacillus crispatus and HMOs prevented ascending GBS infection in a mouse model, reducing bacterial burden in placenta and fetus.

Conclusions:

  • HMOs and Lactobacillus positively modulate the vaginal microbiome, inhibiting GBS.
  • Prebiotic (HMO) and probiotic (Lactobacillus) interventions show promise for reducing GBS colonization during gestation.
  • This approach may offer a novel strategy to prevent GBS-related adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.