Skin-Interfaced Entirely Self-Contained Wearable Biosensor for the Noninvasive and Dynamic Monitoring of Sweat...

Wearable sweat biosensors possess the unique capacity to noninvasively and continually track chemical biomarkers pertinent to health assessment and illness diagnoses. Personalized monitoring of myo-inositol is crucial in physiological function modulation and disease management. However, current methodologies heavily rely on intrusive blood draws/unwieldy analytical laboratory apparatus, hindering their implementation for daily and real-time monitoring. Here, we report a skin-interfaced entirely self-contained wearable sweat myo-inositol biosensor (ES-WSMB), which readily allows on-demand sweat extraction at rest via an iontophoresis unit, automated sweat sampling and renewal via an automated microfluidic unit, real-time myo-inositol analysis and calibration with simultaneously collected sweat pH and Na⁺ via a sweat analysis unit, and signal processing/communication via an intelligent control unit. We tested the performance of ES-WSMB in healthy participants through the dose-response and metabolic-interference challenges. We identify a high correlation between sweat and plasma myo-inositol through the control experiments that are exquisitely designed. These distinctive features of ES-WSMB would facilitate precise and personalized health management in physiological functions, disease, and beyond.