Zinc Deficiency: Impact on Growth, Immunity, and the Role of Plant-Based Nutritional Strategies

Zinc is a vital micronutrient that plays a key role in our growth, development, and immune health. Zinc deficiency is a significant health issue around the globe, especially affecting vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and older adults. This review emphasizes the serious effects of zinc deficiency, which weakens the immune system, increases the risk of infections, slows growth, and negatively affects cognitive and motor skills. Studies show that taking zinc can boost immune health, reduce the severity of infections, and help with developmental challenges. Plant-based solutions, particularly in regions where animal-based diets are limited, provide sustainable ways to tackle zinc deficiency. Foods rich in nutrients, like chickpeas, spinach, and pumpkin seeds, along with biofortified grains such as wheat and rice, can significantly boost zinc intake. Moringa leaves, amaranth, and guava help our bodies absorb zinc more effectively. Despite progress, challenges remain, such as phytates reducing the availability of zinc and the risks linked to excessive zinc consumption. In the future, it would be beneficial for researchers to explore how plant-based supplements, dietary inhibitors, and genetic factors influence zinc metabolism. It's important to create biofortification and personalized treatments to help people in need.