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Published on: November 11, 2020
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Upper Airway Volume Predicts Brain Structure and Cognition in Adolescents
Adway Kanhere1,2, Nithya Navarathna1,2, Paul H Yi3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
Summary
Children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have smaller upper airway volumes, impacting cognition. Deep learning analysis reveals airway volume as a biomarker for cognitive outcomes in pediatric SDB.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurology
- Neuroimaging
- Sleep medicine
Background:
- Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects 10% of children.
- Untreated SDB is linked to impaired cognition, but mechanisms are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between upper airway volume (measured by MRI) and cognitive function in children.
- To investigate the relationship between upper airway volume and regional brain gray matter volumes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 11,875 children (aged 9-10) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.
- Applied deep learning to MRI scans to derive upper airway volumes.
- Assessed cognition using the NIH Toolbox (NIH-TB) and measured cortical gray matter volumes.
Main Results:
- Children with habitual snoring had significantly smaller airway volumes.
- Airway volume predicted the Total Cognition Composite score and most NIH-TB domain scores.
- Increased airway volume correlated with larger gray matter volumes in frontal and temporal regions, mediating cognitive outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Deep learning-based airway segmentation offers a novel approach for large pediatric cohorts.
- Upper airway volume may serve as a biomarker for cognitive outcomes in pediatric SDB.
- Findings provide insights into neurobiological mechanisms and inform risk stratification.
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