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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Low-Dose Bone Morphogenetic Protein Use in Spinal Fusion : Rethinking Clinical Efficacy.

Jun Ho Lee1, Ji Hyun Youn2, Hyun Jung Park2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) shows promise for spinal fusion, but its use is limited by potential complications. Safer carriers and reduced doses are proposed to improve safety and efficacy.

Keywords:
Calcium phosphatesCollagenOsteoinductalRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2Spinal fusion

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Autogenous bone grafting is the gold standard for spinal fusion but has limitations.
  • Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive agent.
  • rhBMP-2 offers potential benefits in challenging spinal fusion cases, but safety concerns exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development, characteristics, and adverse reactions of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion.
  • To discuss factors influencing the decline in rhBMP-2 usage.
  • To propose strategies for optimizing rhBMP-2 delivery and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of clinical and experimental findings on rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion.
  • Analysis of dose-related adverse reactions and factors affecting rhBMP-2 efficacy.
  • Evaluation of carrier systems for rhBMP-2 delivery.

Main Results:

  • rhBMP-2 has demonstrated osteoinductive properties for spinal fusion.
  • Increased risk of complications and attenuated biological response noted in specific patient populations.
  • Several factors have contributed to a decrease in rhBMP-2 utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing rhBMP-2 delivery through advanced carriers and reduced doses is crucial.
  • Carriers play a vital role in controlling bioavailability and minimizing side effects.
  • Future strategies should focus on enhancing safety and aligning rhBMP-2 delivery with natural bone healing.