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Creatinine as a predictor of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a

Ganesh Bushi1, Abhay M Gaidhane2, Nasir Vadia3

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India. ganeshbushi313@gmail.com.

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Elevated serum creatinine is linked to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes patients. This finding suggests serum creatinine may help identify individuals at risk for PDR progression.

Keywords:
Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathyProliferative diabetic retinopathySerum creatinine

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a major cause of vision loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Early prediction of PDR is limited.
  • Serum creatinine, a kidney function marker, may indicate shared microvascular damage in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between serum creatinine levels and the presence of PDR in T2DM patients.
  • To determine if serum creatinine can serve as a predictive biomarker for PDR.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
  • Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) using a random-effects model for 18 observational studies (25,034 participants).

Main Results:

  • Serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients with PDR compared to non-DR (SMD, 0.97) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (SMD, 0.46).
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed findings, and meta-regression showed no influence of HbA1c or diabetes duration.
  • High heterogeneity and potential publication bias were noted, but the association remained significant.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum creatinine is significantly associated with the presence of PDR in T2DM.
  • Serum creatinine may be a potential biomarker for identifying individuals at risk of PDR progression.
  • Further prospective, standardized studies are required to validate its clinical utility.