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Foot compartment syndrome treatment: a systematic review
Mariana Tapia-Nañez1, Humberto de Leon-Gutierrez1, Neri Alejandro Alvarez-Villalobos1
1Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Human Anatomy Department, Monterrey, Mexico.
International Orthopaedics
|June 3, 2025
Summary
Fasciotomy is the standard treatment for foot compartment syndrome (FCS). However, optimal surgical incision techniques require further research to improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term complications.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Trauma Care
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Foot compartment syndrome (FCS) is a serious condition requiring prompt management.
- Understanding optimal treatment strategies is crucial for preventing long-term sequelae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and compare treatment approaches for foot compartment syndrome (FCS).
- To evaluate the outcomes associated with different management strategies for FCS.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive systematic review of multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus) was performed.
- Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.
- Analysis included study characteristics, evidence quality, and treatment outcomes.
Main Results:
- 45 articles (38 case reports, 7 cohort studies) were included.
- Fasciotomy was the primary treatment in most cases and all cohort studies; conservative management was rare.
- Trauma was the most common cause; elevated intracompartmental pressure (>30 mmHg) was a frequent diagnostic criterion.
Conclusions:
- Fasciotomy is the established standard treatment for FCS.
- Evidence is insufficient to determine the optimal number and location of surgical incisions.
- Further research is needed to optimize compartment decompression techniques and long-term outcomes.
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