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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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  11. The Relationship Between Maternal Glucose Concentrations, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Placental Weight, And Placental Vascular Malperfusion Lesions: A Retrospective Study Of A U.s. Pregnancy Cohort

The relationship between maternal glucose concentrations, gestational diabetes mellitus, placental weight, and placental vascular malperfusion lesions: a retrospective study of a U.S. pregnancy cohort

Amrita Arcot, Kelly Gallagher, Jeffery A Goldstein

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |June 4, 2025

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    View abstract on PubMed

    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and high glucose levels without GDM are linked to heavier placentas. GDM also increases the risk of delayed villous maturation, a placental issue.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Perinatal Medicine
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to increased placental weight and malperfusion lesions.
    • The impact of elevated glucose levels without a GDM diagnosis on placental characteristics remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between glucose challenge test (GCT) results, GDM diagnosis, and placental characteristics.
    • To understand how varying glucose levels influence placental development and pathology.

    Main Methods:

    • Secondary analysis of 11,585 singleton placentas from Northwestern Memorial Hospital (2011-2022).
    • Data included maternal demographics, GCT concentrations, GDM status, placental weight, and malperfusion lesions.
    • Statistical models (linear and Poisson regression) were used to assess associations, adjusting for covariates.

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    Main Results:

    • Placentas from pregnancies with GDM were heavier by 22.0g, and those failing GCT without GDM were heavier by 13.6g, compared to controls.
    • Women with GDM had a 36% increased adjusted risk of delayed villous maturation.
    • No significant differences in other malperfusion lesions were observed between groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated glucose levels, both with and without GDM, are associated with increased placental weight.
    • GDM diagnosis is linked to a higher risk of delayed villous maturation, suggesting glucose impacts placental development.