Management of non-Cardiac Organ Failure in cardiogenic shock

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a syndrome of low cardiac output leading to systemic hypoperfusion. The mainstay of management involves optimizing preload, afterload, and contractility to restore central hemodynamics. However, CS is frequently complicated by non-cardiac organ failure, for which there is limited guidance. Herein, we review the pathophysiology, assessment, and management of respiratory, renal, hepatic, and neurological failure in the context of CS. This review is intended to provide an evidence-based framework for the management of extracardiac sequelae for the patients in the cardiac and medical intensive care unit.